Windows 10 · Windows
Check and repair an SD card in Windows
Source-checked About 10 minutes
Answer
Stop writing to the card, try another reader, copy readable files first, then run Windows error checking. Reformat only after recovery and backup attempts.
Check the starting state
Before changing an SD card, stop writing to the card, record its capacity and file system, try a known-good reader, and copy every readable file before repair. Keep the current state, exact message, and any recent change available so each result can be compared.
Choose the supported path
Treat connection trouble, file-system errors, write protection, unsupported format, and failing flash storage separately; formatting is destructive and belongs last.
Protect recoverable data
Stop taking photos or copying files to the card. If files remain readable, copy them to another drive first.
Rule out the reader
Try a different USB port, card reader, or computer and confirm the card's lock switch is not engaged.
Run error checking
In File Explorer, open the card's Properties > Tools > Error checking, or use chkdsk only after confirming the correct drive letter.
Format only as a last resort
Formatting erases the file system. Use it only after recovery attempts and choose a format supported by the camera or device.
Verify the result
Safely eject and reconnect the card, confirm it reports the expected capacity, then copy and reopen a nonessential test file. Keep the recovered files elsewhere even if this check succeeds.
Troubleshoot an SD card
Stop using the card if it disconnects, reports the wrong capacity, becomes unexpectedly read-only, or contains the only copy of important data. Record the card model, capacity, reader, exact Windows message, and whether another reader detects it before seeking recovery or manufacturer support.
Video walkthrough
Sources and verification
Checked against official documentation on . Scope: Windows.
Follow the linked first-party guidance if labels differ after a platform or app update.